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Refractory castable is the main type of unshaped refractory. According to the different cementing materials used, its curing and forming mechanism can be divided into hydraulic, pneumatic and hydraulic.
(1) hydraulic refractory castable: in the hardening process of cement for cement castable in need of water to participate in the chemical reaction, the formation of cementing hardening strength, are hydraulic refractory castable.
Cement is the main factor to determine the strength of castable (especially the normal temperature strength), but its fire resistance is relatively low, so after ensuring the necessary normal temperature strength, should reduce the amount of cement as much as possible.For compactness and workability of construction, refractory powder can be appropriately increased.Reducing the amount of cement used is also part of the cost reduction.In construction, aluminate cement and Portland cement and lime should be strictly prevented from being mixed.Because the mixture of these two different chemical components produces tricalcium aluminate, which contains water, greatly reducing its strength.
(2) gas rigid refractory castable: refers to its cementing agent in the curing absorption of CO2 in the air and gradually solidification hardening.The most commonly used refractory castable is sodium silicate refractory concrete.
In addition to its high temperature resistance, sodium silicate refractory castable has the properties of acid resistance and wear resistance, so it is often used as the lining of chemical equipment.
The hardening process of sodium silicate refractory castable is very slow under natural conditions, and coagulant (sodium fluorosilicate, high alumina cement, etc.) should be added during construction.
(4) fire hard refractory castable: to phosphoric acid and phosphate as cementing material castable, need to be heated and baked after the ability to obtain strength and high temperature performance, so called fire hard refractory castable.
Refractory plastic is by powder and powder materials and plastic clay and other binder and plastic, add a small amount of water, through full mixing, composed of a paste and in a longer time to maintain a higher plasticity of the amorphous refractory.Granular and powdery materials are the main components of plastics, generally accounting for 70% ~ 85% of the total.It can be composed of various refractory materials, and often according to the material can be classified and named plastic.Because this kind of amorphous refractory material is mainly used in the heating furnace which does not directly contact with the molten material, the clay clinker and high aluminum clinker are generally used.Lightweight plastics can be made of lightweight granular materials.
Plastic clay is the main component of plastic, although it accounts for 10% ~ 25% of the total amount of plastic, but it has a great impact on plastic plasticity, binding strength, volume stability and fire resistance of plastic and its hardening body.In a sense, the nature and quantity of clay can be considered to control the nature of plastic.
General requirement but plastic should have taller plasticity, and after storing through long time, still have certain plasticity, call but plastic working sex.
Plasticity is related to the properties of clay and the amount of clay used. In addition, it is mainly dependent on the amount of water, which increases with the amount of water.However, too much water can have adverse effects.Generally 5% ~ 10% is appropriate.To make plastic plasticity in its preservation period without significant reduction, can not use hydraulic binder.But plastics do not require special technology in construction.When used to make furnace lining, take out the plastic from the sealed container, lay it between hanging bricks or pull hooks, and pound it with wood hammer or air hammer (each layer is 50mm ~ 70mm thick).The surface can be machined before hardening.In order to facilitate the discharge of moisture, open the pores at certain intervals.Finally, expansion and contraction joints are set according to the design.If it is used to make the whole furnace cover, it can be constructed on the bottom mold first, and then hoisted after drying.
Can plastic bottom use temperature basically USES quality of granular and powdery material bottom and different.For example, ordinary clay can be used for less than 1300℃ ~ 1400℃, and high quality clay can be used for 1400℃ ~ 1500℃.High alumina 1600℃ ~ 1700℃ or higher;Chrome quality 1500℃ ~ 1600℃.
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