China's large-scale demand for large-scale metal resources will remain for a considerable period of time.

Inevitability of Going Out and Developing and Utilizing Overseas Resources

Influenced by the periodic characteristics of China's economic development cycle, the growth rate of demand for bulk metal mineral resources in China is in the period of & ldquo; 11th Five-Year Plan & rdquo; the period has entered the peak period, from the period of & ldquo; 12th Five-Year Plan & rdquo; the period has begun to enter the period of decline in growth rate. With the comprehensive reform of China's economic system, government functions, social and people's livelihood and the advancement of economic restructuring, transformation and upgrading, China's economic growth will gradually enter a stable and reasonable period in the Twelfth Five-Year plan. China's demand for large-scale metal mineral resources will also be in the “ 12th Five-Year Plan & rdquo; and then gradually enter a stable period, in which there will be small fluctuations. In order to meet the improvement of people's material and cultural life and the steady progress of economic construction, China's large-scale demand for large-scale metal resources will remain for quite a long time. Although the intensity of demand will not increase substantially, the scale of quantity is still huge.

If we consider the basic reserves and resources of world resources, the scale and reserve-production ratio will be greatly increased. The reserves and supply prospects of the world's bulk metal mineral resources are still relatively optimistic.

China's bulk metal mineral resources are at a disadvantage compared with foreign high-quality resources in terms of grade, scale and mining conditions. Among them, the average grade of iron ore is 10% lower than the world average, 97% of iron ore is 30% lower than the low-grade iron ore; the average grade of manganese ore is only 22%, 13% lower than the international ore industry standard; the average grade of copper ore is only 0.87%, lower than the world average grade of 1%; China's aluminium-silicon ratio is low, mining cost is high, and energy consumption is high. Bauxite-type ores account for more than 98%, and high-quality bauxite resources are scarce. At the same time, the associated mineral deposits of mineral resources in China account for about 80% of the proven mineral reserves. There are fewer single mineral deposits, more associated mineral deposits, difficult mining and processing, and high production costs.

Influenced by the high price of international bulk metal mineral resources and the excess capacity, declining demand growth and fierce market competition in China's metal smelting and processing industry, China's bulk metal smelting and processing industry has a small profit, difficult business operation and a large amount of foreign exchange funds for the purchase of ore resources. For example, in 2013, China's imports of iron ore, bauxite and copper concentrate amounted to 104.9 billion US dollars, 38.2 billion US dollars and 21 billion US dollars respectively, while in the same period, China's large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises (accounting for 81% of the country's output), the profits of aluminum smelting and copper smelting industries were 22.8 billion yuan (industry profit margin was only 0.4%), the losses were 23 billion yuan and 15.3 billion US dollars respectively. Yuan.

Thus, relying on domestic resources has been unable to meet China's demand for large-scale metal resources. The supply of resources is constrained by others, the ability of self-protection is not strong, and it is greatly affected by the fluctuation of the international market. The large amount of funds used for purchasing resources from abroad not only affects the healthy development of related industries, but also has a negative impact on the national economic construction, which is inconsistent with the continuous improvement of China's international status. From the point of view of realizing the goal of rejuvenating a powerful country and the security of national economic construction, large-scale investment in the development and utilization of overseas high-quality resources will be inevitable, and can not be shaken by changes in economic and market conditions at a certain stage. In particular, the current state makes &ldquo, along the way &rdquo, and supports “ the two foreign railway ” and the strategic plan for its construction, through the in-depth development of infrastructure interconnection, economic and trade cooperation and diplomatic relations, provides a major strategic opportunity for the development and utilization of the resources of the overseas countries along the way.

Seize Opportunities and Actively Layout Overseas Resources Development

At present, the international supply of bulk metal resources is mainly concentrated in Australia, North America (Canada, the United States), Mexico, South America (Chile, Brazil, Peru), Russia, Indonesia, South Africa and other countries and regions. At the same time, Guinea, Sierra Leone and other African countries, as well as Mongolia and India around our country, are gradually forming larger supply, or have corresponding potential. In the international mining resources market, the main resource suppliers and large mining enterprises have a high market share, and their resources are of good quality, low development cost and strong market competitiveness.

After 2008, China's mining enterprises began to invest in large-scale development of overseas metal mineral resources projects, and have invested tens of billions of dollars. However, from the perspective of effect, the achievements are not ideal. The ability to acquire overseas resources is relatively weak. The success rate is only about 20%. So far, there is no effective supply of domestic resource demand. The main reasons for the failure and less success of overseas resources development of mining enterprises in China are the lack of ability and experience of enterprises and the lack of government support.

At present, the international mining market is gradually going to a low level. The strategic projects of &ldquo, &rdquo and &ldquo supported by the state and &rdquo of two railways have created a favorable opportunity for China's mining enterprises to develop resources in the countries along the line. Mining Enterprises & ldquo; going out & rdquo; escorting. At the same time, mining enterprises should learn from past experience and lessons, pay attention to the improvement of their own capabilities, and enhance the competitiveness of the international market.

First, we should strengthen and attach importance to the guiding role of planning research. To carry out strategic research on overseas resources development at the national level and formulate relevant plans for guiding overseas resources development and enhancing the coordination and systematicness of overseas resources development.

Second, special agencies should be established or designated to take specific responsibility for overseas resource development. We should have a comprehensive understanding of the development of overseas resources. Specific work should be carried out systematically and purposefully, with the purpose of serving the development of overseas resources. Specifically responsible for policy formulation, implementation and supervision