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The Barrier to the Tax Reform of Iron Ore Resources

Words:[Big][Medium][Small] Mobile Page Two-Dimensional Code 2018-10-15     

     

Since 2002, the iron ore resources industry has been required to adjust the resource tax standards, but there are many difficulties, and many problems need to be solved to carry out the adjustment.

The first point is how to reduce the tax burden of iron ore enterprises.

At present, in addition to the value-added tax and income tax of general industrial enterprises, the taxes and fees levied on iron ore deposits in our country are also levied on resources tax, compensation fees for mineral resources at ad valorem rates, royalties for prospecting rights, royalties for mining rights and a total of more than 25 kinds of taxes, fees and funds levied by local governments. At present, the overall burden of taxes and fees of iron ore enterprises has reached more than 25%, the main reason is that the tax burden imposed around the paid use of iron ore resources is too heavy.

Implementing the reform of iron ore resources tax can change the current situation that the collection standard of resources tax does not adjust with the change of mining conditions of iron ore. However, the primary function of the national fiscal and taxation policy is still to organize fiscal and taxation revenue for the state. It is impossible for the tax revenue of the state to decrease substantially before and after the tax reform. The reduction of iron ore enterprises can be realized through the reform of iron ore resources tax. There are some difficulties in lightening tax burden. Therefore, the reform of iron ore resource tax should formulate feasible schemes and select the appropriate time to carry out.

The second point is that the expected effect of “ clearing fees and levying taxes ” may affect the progress of reform.

The reform of resource tax is very difficult, one of the reasons is to straighten out all kinds of fees in the mining industry. The policy direction of resource tax reform is very clear, which is to further promote the relationship between resource tax and fee. Iron ore resources are a key part of local tax revenue. Over-levying by some local governments results in overburdening of mining enterprises. The effect of clearing up fees determines the success or failure of the reform of iron ore resource tax and the survival of iron ore enterprises. From the analysis of the reform of rare earth, tungsten and molybdenum resource tax, we can improve the resource tax standard, absorb the resource compensation fee, reduce the resource compensation fee to zero, and stop collecting the relevant price adjustment fund.

However, due to & ldquo; clearing fees and levying taxes & rdquo; touching on the vested interests of some departments and localities, if new fee items appear, it may lead to the actual burden of enterprises greater than before the tax reform, resulting in the reverse effect of the resource tax reform. Therefore, standardizing the charging behavior is one of the most important issues facing the reform of iron ore resources tax.

The third point is how to restrict the discretion of local governments.

According to the requirements of the state for the reform of resource tax, the reform of iron ore resource tax must be carried out simultaneously with the reform of tax and fee. The key is that the implementation of the tax reform should take into account the balance of interests of all parties. From the analysis of resource tax reform, the income growth of resource tax is about the same as the loss of abolishing fees. However, in order to ensure fiscal revenue, local government departments are likely to focus on high tax rates in tax rate formulation, such as the range of coal resource tax rate is set at 2%~10%, and the specific applicable tax rate is set by provincial Ministry of Finance and Taxation. Door drafting. If local governments continue to implement high tax rates, it will not reflect the superiority of resource tax reform, but also hurt the interests of the steel industry, which is also a challenge to the authority of the central decision-making.

The fourth point is how to reflect the difference of iron ore resources endowment.

At present, in order to reflect the conditions of iron ore resources, the iron ore resource tax classifies all iron ore deposits according to their evaluation and taxation, and pays the resource tax according to the number of mines exploited, resulting in the mining enterprises-ldquo; dislike of the poor and love the rich-rdquo; the abusive exploitation of rich ore, and the unreasonable utilization of resources. Instead of ad valorem taxation, the price of resources goes with the market, while the price is high, the resource tax will be paid more, while the price is low, the resource tax will be paid less. As a result, the resource tax will be changed from a general tax which increases fiscal revenue and regulates the income of resource differential to a special tax which is set up to serve the goal of national economic policy and is beneficial to iron ore. Mountain industry saves resources and protects the environment.

However, if the tax rate can not be clearly distinguished between the application, the shortcomings also arise. First, it is difficult to reflect the value of resources. The essential characteristic of resource tax is differential land rent, which is far away from ad valorem taxation. How much resource tax should be levied to reflect the value of resources rather than the value of resources products. The market value of iron ore concentrates mined from the poorest iron ore resources is not significantly different from that of the best iron ore resources. However, their mining costs can vary several times, which leads to different profitability levels, indicating that the value of the resources themselves is different. Second, it is unfair to impose the same or similar tax on iron ore resources with different endowment conditions. Resource tax has the nature of graded rent, that is, to levy more taxes on high-quality resources with convenient transportation, good deposit conditions, high grade and easy to collect and choose; to levy less taxes on poor-quality resources with remote transportation, poor deposit conditions, low grade and difficult to collect, so as to reduce the uneven joy and hardship of development enterprises caused by differences in resources and promote mining. Fair competition among mine owners makes the development of mineral resources reasonable and effective. Recently, the state financial and taxation departments have realized the problem of ad valorem levying of resource tax. In the implementation of the reform of tax clearance and ad valorem levying of rare earth, tungsten and molybdenum resources, the applicable tax rate has been clearly defined: light rare earth carries out different applicable tax rates according to region, of which 11.5% in Inner Mongolia, 9.5% in Sichuan and 7.5% in Shandong. The applicable tax rate for rare earth resources is 27%. In fact, there are four tax rates. This shows that the principle of “ resource tax should reflect the advantages and disadvantages of resources ” has been accepted by the relevant departments of the state.



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